Footnotes

1.

Lucian, De Laude Cestrie. Back to context...

2.

Smith, 1872. The manuscript map is at Bristol Record Office: BRO 04720, fol. 5v. See Ralph, 1986, 309-16. The significance of the map’s place in the Kalendar, and its relationship to Ricart’s (Galfridian) account of the city’s origins, has not received comment, however. Back to context...

3.

Frugoni, 1991, 3-29; Kühnel, 1996, 288-332; Kühnel, 1998, xix-xxxviii. Back to context...

4.

Ward, 1994, 115-124; Mason, 2007, 85-92. Back to context...

5.

See Biddle and Hill, 1971, 70-85. Back to context...

6.

Hugh of St Victor, Didascalicon trans. Taylor, 1961, 141-42. Back to context...

7.

Lambert of Ardres, The History of the Counts of Guines and Lords of Ardres, trans. Shopkow, 2001, 190-91. Back to context...

8.

Lilley, 2009, 23-25, 131-2. This east-west-north-south sequence may be read as the city in effect ‘crossing itself’ as a sign of Christ. Back to context...

9.

See Clarke, 2006, 99-105. It is worth noting that Ranulph Higden (c.1282-1364), another incumbent of St Werburgh’s, not only wrote a ‘world geography’ in the first part of his Polychronicon but also, it seems, had access to a mappamundi. See Ranulph Higden, Polychronicon , vol. 1; Edson, 2007, 165-169. Back to context...

10.

A similar point is argued by Tom Boogaart in his study of medieval Bruges and its procession of the Holy Blood: see Boogaart, 2001, 69-116. Back to context...